Effets de l’économie informelle sur la croissance économique en Afrique sub-saharienne : le rôle de la qualité des institutions

The effects of informal economy on economic growth in subsaharan africa: the role of the quality of institutions

Fousséni RAMDÉ

Université NAZI BONI, Burkina Faso

ramde.fouss@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8362-3363

Kélani TAGBA

Chercheur indépendant, Togo

kelani.tagba@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0953-5058

rÉsumÉ

Pendant longtemps, l’économie informelle est combattue car elle est perçue comme une entrave au développement économique surtout dans les pays en développement. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’évaluer sur un échantillon de 26 pays d’Afrique subsaharienne entre 1995 et 2015, l’influence de l’économie informelle sur la croissance économique d’une part ; et d’autre part, le rôle de la qualité des institutions dans cette relation. A la suite des tests de spécification, le Modèle à Correction d’Erreur (MCE) est retenu pour les estimations afin de ressortir à la fois les dynamiques de court et de long terme. Les résultats obtenus par l’estimateur du Pooled Mean Group (PMG) montrent que l’économie informelle influence négativement la croissance économique en Afrique subsaharienne quel que soit l’horizon temporel. Cette influence négative est atténuée par la qualité des institutions. Par ailleurs, l’étude soutient que la qualité des institutions améliore les performances économiques des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Afin de réduire l’effet négatif de l’économie informelle sur la croissance économique et entretenir cette dernière, ces pays doivent réduire les procédures, les coûts et les durées de formalisation. De plus, il convient d’instaurer les mécanismes de suivi-évaluation et de sévir rigoureusement au sommet de l’Etat pour améliorer la qualité des institutions dans ces pays.

MOTS-CLÉ: Économie informelle ; Institutions ; Afrique subsaharienne ; ARDL

ABSTRACT

Informal economy has been fought because it is supposed to impede the economic development, especially in developing countries. Using data of a sample of 26 sub-Saharan African countries during the period spanning from 1995 to 2015, this research aims at evaluating the influence that informal economy exerts over economic growth on one hand, and how does the quality of institutions act in this relationship, at the other hand. Following preliminary tests, the Error Correction Model is specified to conduct econometric analysis in order to bring out both the short-run and long-run coefficients. The Pooled Mean Group results show that, in the short like in the long term; informal economy negatively affects economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. This influence is alleviated with the quality of institutions. The study also underlines the importance of quality institutions in improving economic performances in these countries. Thus, in order to reduce the negative influence of informal economy on economic growth and improve the latter, these countries ought to reduce the procedures, the costs and the duration of formalisation. Moreover, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be implemented in addition to effective application of punishments’ laws at the top of state apparatus; to improve the quality of institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa.

key words: Informal economy; institutions; sub-Saharan Africa; Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags

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