Distribution of middle-class women’s time between paid and unpaid work in West Africa: a multinomial analysis
Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Sénégal
Email : coulibalynarmand@gmail.com
Orcid id: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4852-4141
Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Sénégal
Email : mamecheikhanta.sall@ucad.edu.sn
Orcid id: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-1990
Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Sénégal
Email : adama.sow@ucad.edu.sn
Orcid id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-336X
Université Abomey Calavi, Benin
Email :denis.acclassato@yahoo.fr
Résumé : Le travail domestique non rémunéré est aujourd’hui un aspect central dans la vie familiale et prend une large partie du temps des femmes de la classe moyenne. Cet article analyse l’arbitrage que ces dernières font, dans la répartition de leur temps, entre le travail domestique et la participation au marché du travail rémunéré. Pour mener à bien cet objectif, nous optons pour un modèle logit multinomial qui permet d’identifier les déterminants de la probabilité qu’une femme de la classe moyenne alloue son temps au travail domestique non rémunéré ou au travail rémunéré. Les résultats montrent qu’au Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire et Sénégal, les femmes qui allouent leur temps de travail aux tâches familiales ont 35% et 45% de chance respectivement d’effectuer un travail non rémunéré qu’un travail salarié et indépendant. La répartition du temps entre travail rémunéré et travail domestique de la classe moyenne féminine est déterminée par le nombre d’enfants en bas âge, la proximité d’une garderie et le statut professionnel de l’époux. Cependant, une analyse des résultats au niveau de chaque pays, pris individuellement, met en évidence d’autres facteurs susceptibles d’expliquer l’allocation du temps de travail des femmes dans les ménages à savoir le statut matrimonial, l’âge de la femme, la classe sociale. À la lumière de ces résultats, une politique de promotion de services de garde d’enfants de proximité ciblant les foyers de concentration des femmes de la classe moyenne concernée corrigerait ce déséquilibre d’allocation de temps de travail.
Mots-clé : Allocation du temps de travail, Travail domestique, Marché du travail.
Abstract : Unpaid domestic work is now a central aspect of family life and takes up a large portion of middle-class women’s time. This article aims to analyse the trade-offs these women make in allocating their time between domestic work and participation in the paid labour market. To fulfil this objective, we use a multinomial logit model to identify the determinants of the probability that a middle-class woman will allocate her time to unpaid domestic work or paid work. The results show the women in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal who allocate their working time to family tasks are 35% and 45% more likely, respectively, to engage in unpaid work than in paid and self-employed work. The allocation of time between paid work and domestic work among middle-class women is determined by the number of young children, the proximity of a daycare centre and the professional status of the husband. However, an individual country-level analysis of the results highlights other factors that may explain women’s allocation of time in households, including marital status, age and social class. In view of these results, a policy promoting local childcare services targeting households with a high concentration of middle-class women would correct this imbalance in the allocation of working time.
Keywords: Allocation of working time, Domestic work, Labor market.
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